Definition of Application letter, Inquiry letter, Complaint letter, and Purchase order letter

1.   Application Letter

A.    Definition

An application letter is a business document, part of the important correspondence between applicant and organization, firm or company, institution or various boards and committees that publish a vacancy. It is a paper frequently used in all levels of government, commerce, industry, and academia. Students planning to correspond in any undertaking require the understanding of the main points of a job application letter.

Writing a correct job application letter is a useful talent for anyone planning to enter an administrative role in any industry or profession. In order to write a job application letter in the most exact manner, the writer must understand that letters employers are familiar with nowadays were established gradually to become effectual, succinct and workable documents.

A good job application letter addresses all the points stated in the job advertisement. The manner in which a person responds to a commercial announcement alerts recruiters and employers to their capacity, their level of education, personality, and professionalism.

Application letters typically begin with an introductory paragraph that states the position being applied to, reveals how the minimum qualifications for the position are met and asks the reader to continue reading to learn more about the applicant's qualifications

.

Paragraphs that follow the introduction paragraph typically highlight the top reasons the applicant should be considered. For experienced applicants, these paragraphs typically highlight work experience and workplace projects of significance. For less experienced applicants and new graduates, these paragraphs might highlight academic experience, such as classes taken that would be useful in this position or any particular academic projects or honors received.

An application letter should also include a concluding paragraph that express appreciation to the receiver for taking the time to consider the application. The final sentence should convey that the applicant looks toward the future by asking for a formal interview in-person, online or by phone.

B.     Parts of Application Letter

The applicant includes an address and contact information on the upper right-hand corner of the letter in the indented format. The addressee's name, title, department, company name and address are on the left part below the applicant's address.

The opening paragraph must state the reason for applying the job. The second and third sections form the main body of the letter. The applicant sells himself to the addresses in these paragraphs. In this part, an applicant cites the highest qualification and the reason for changing jobs. In the third section, an applicant matches the skills and experience with those required by the potential employer. The closing paragraph must indicate the applicant's desire to be invited for an interview.

It is important to write about availability and willingness to work with the company. The application letter shows the applicant's enthusiasm and passion for the job.

C.    Example

January 28, 2012

Mr. George Gilhooley 

XYZ Company 

87 Delaware Road 

Hatfield, CA 08065 

(909) 555-5555 

george.gillhooley@email.com

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I am enclosing a completed job application, my certification, my resume and three references.

The opportunity presented in this listing is very interesting, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this position. The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include:

I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live use applications

I strive for continued excellence

I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers

With a BS degree in Computer Programming, I have a full understanding of the full life cycle of a software development project. I also have experience in learning and excelling at new technologies as needed.

Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

I can be reached anytime via email at george.gillhooley@email.com or my cell phone, 909-555-5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.

Sincerely,

ALI BABA

2.   Inquiry Letters

A.    Definition

Inquiry Letter is a letter written to request information and/or ascertain its authenticity. A letter of inquiry deals with various matters like job vacancies, funding, grants, scholarships, projects, sales, pre-proposals and others. The term is common in various business setups as it implies fund request or pre-proposal information. Owing to this usage, the term may be considered exclusive to these setups alone. But that is not the case, to this effect the below definition offers a justified meaning.

Quible and others defined, “Letters of inquiry are a type of business message that asks the recipient for information or assistance.”

Prospective employers and business organizations usually write inquiry letters for obtaining desired information. Prospective employers write this letter to the referees mentioned in the job application to obtain information about the applicant’s personal and family background, ability, skills, honesty, character, integrity, quality of performance, fitness for job etc. on the other hand, business enterprises write inquiry letters to third parties referred by the customers to know about their business dealings, financial capabilities and goodwill to determine whether to establish business relationships with those enterprises.

B.     Types of inquiry letter

Based on purpose, there are two most common types of inquiry letters such as (1) personal status inquiry letter and (2) business status inquiry letter.

§  Personal status inquiry letter: The letters that are written by prospective employers for obtaining information about job applicants are called personal status inquiry letter. Employers write this letter to obtain information relating to the applicant’s personal and family background, ability, skills, honesty, character, integrity, quality of performance, fitness for job etc. generally this letter is written to the referees mentioned by the concerned applicant. In response to this letter, the referees write a reply letter to the employer. This response letter may be favorable, unfavorable or neutral to the applicant.

§Business status inquiry letter: When a business enterprise writes letter to another business enterprise for collecting information about a prospective customer, it is known as business status inquiry letter. This letter is usually written for collecting information about financial capability, goodwill, nature of business dealings, honesty etc. of a business enterprise to determine whether to establish business transactions with it. Responses of this letter may be either favorable or unfavorable.

An enquiry letter may consist all or few of the below mentioned parts:

·         Introduction

·         Description

·         Statement

·         Methodology

·         Final Summary

The inclusion or exclusion of certain components depends on the scope of your letter. Business letters will tend to have all mentioned while those on a smaller platform will include few. Not to forget that these letter are formal letters and will follow the rules pertaining to these. These rules refer to the common styles of writing a business letter, i.e. Full Block Style, Modified Block Style and others.

An example of letter of inquiry or a letter of inquiry format is sufficient. To add to it the writing tips provide efficiency. Thus, it is advisable to go through the format, tips, examples and the templates.

Your Street Address City, State Zip Code Telephone Number Email Address

Month, Day, Year

Mr./Ms./Dr. FirstName LastName Title Name of Organization Street or P. O. Box Address City, State Zip Code

Dear Mr./Ms./Dr. LastName:

Opening paragraph: State what position you are inquiring about; how you learned of the organization or position, and when you will be qualified for the position.

2nd paragraph: Tell why you are interested in the position or type of work the employer does (Simply stating that you are interested does not tell why, and can sound like a form letter). Demonstrate that you know enough about the position by relating your background to the employer or position and mention specific qualifications which make you a good fit for the employer's needs. This is an opportunity to explain in more detail relevant items in your resume. Refer to the fact that your resume is enclosed. Mention other enclosures if such are required to apply for a position.

3rd paragraph: Indicate that you would like the opportunity to talk with the employer to learn more about their opportunities or hiring plans. Restate briefly why you're so passionate about the opportunity you're applying for. State that you would be glad to provide the employer with any additional information needed. Thank the employer for her/his consideration.

Sincerely,

(Your handwritten signature)

Your name typed

C.    Example

Fund Inquiry Letter

PT. BAGASKARA
Jalan Delima No. 10
  JAKARTA 11730

October 21^st  2013

PT. Bulan Bintang

Jalan Abadi No.20

DEPOK 16952

Dear Sirs,

Our company is a company that specializes in selling various leather products such as leather wallets, leather shoes and so forth. We will soon open several branches in various areas in Java. although we will open branches in various regions, we would like distribution of goods to be shipped for sale in our company running smoothly and the goods we sell good quality goods with prices that can reach the surrounding community.

Some time ago we read a profile of your company, your company produces goods in a newspaper. We are very interested to cooperate with your company. Therefore we are very happy if your company is willing to send the list of goods and price list production. If your company has regional branches in Jakarta and West Java, we also ask to include the address of a branch office in your company so that later if your office area is very easy walking distance from our company, we can order the goods from the nearest branch office .

We also hope that your company can provide special offers for our company. We are expecting a reply from you to cooperate with our company.

Yours Faithfully,

Dwini

Purchase Manager

3.   Complaint Letter

A.    Definition

A letter of complaint, or complaint letter, is normally written to deal with a problem situation when other attempts (i.e. phone contacts, e-mails, etc.) have failed to rectify the situation. The complaint letter formalizes a problem situation by putting it into writing and is usually the last resort to try to get a situation resolved. Properly written complaint letters can be very powerful and almost always get results, making them worth writing. To read an article on the subject of writing effective complaint letters.

·        Include your name, address, and home and work phone numbers.

·         Type your letter if possible. If it is handwritten, make sure it is neat and easy to read.

·        Make your letter brief and to the point. Include all important facts about your purchase, including the date and place where you made the purchase and any information you can give about the product or service such as serial or model numbers or specific type of service.

·        State exactly what you want done about the problem and how long you are willing to wait to get it resolved. Be reasonable.

·        Include all documents regarding your problem. Be sure to send COPIES, not originals.

·        Avoid writing an angry, sarcastic, or threatening letter. The person reading your letter probably was not responsible for your problem but may be very helpful in resolving it.

·        Keep a copy of the letter for your records.

B.     Example

1 Mawar Street
Losari, Brebes 52255

September 15, 2011

Customer Service
Batik Trusmi
15 Kibuyut Trusmi Street
Kel. Kesenden, Kec. Kejaksan
Cirebon 45121


Dear Sir or Madam,

I have ordered 12 packs consist of 12 clothes of new modeled Trusmi Batik  on your Boutique which I ordered by phone on September 11. I received the order on September 14.  When I received those packs of Batik, there was one packs missing. I only got 11 packs of 12 packs that I ordered. To know whether there was one pack missing, you can check the  amount of Batik whcih  left  your Butique stock.

To resolve that problem, I would like you to send me one pack of modeled Trusmi Batik like I ordered before. Or if the pack of modeled Tursmi batik which I ordered had been ordered by somebody else, I hope you give me back the money for the amount charge of the Tursmi Batik pack.


I have been your costumer for long time, and you know it as well. This the first time I get the problem like this relate to your service. If you need to contact me, you can call me at 08743258234.


Sincerely,

Signature

4.   Purchase Order Letters

A.    Definition

a letter of order is a document that confirms the details of a purchase of goods or services from one party to another. It usually includes more information about what you are ordering, like quantity, model number, or color, the payment terms, and the matter in which the products are to be shipped. When the recipient receives this letter, they will process the order and send the merchandise.

An “Order” is an expense for the person placing the order and an income for the one getting it. But this is not all. The company that bags the order has to fulfill lot of commitments to ensure that it has a satisfied customer, which can be an individual or another company. Timely delivery of the order, quality of delivery and after sale service – are all part and parcel of getting an order. An Order Letter is the one that is written by the person/company placing the request of purchase from another company. This letter comes into action only when a detailed study of the desired product has been done in the market and based on promised service, quality and price of the product, a decision for a purchase has been made. An Order Letter should be drafted very carefully as it needs to pen down all the terms and

conditions of the purchase for the benefit of both involved parties. It should have details such as product specifications, quantities, price agreed upon, delivery date, late delivery clauses, etc. It should be addressed to the person responsible for the execution of the order with a copy to the head of department. Since it is totally an official letter it should be typed.

A Purchase order letter is written by the company that wishes to place an order of products or services to the receiving company. The letter states the types of goods required with sufficient details for the supplying company to fulfill the order. Terms and conditions may also be included in such a letter.

DOS AND DON’T’S OF PURCHASE ORDER LETTER

·         A Purchase Order Letter should be written as soon as the decision for the purchase has been made

·         The company with whom the order is being placed should be given enough time to execute the order

·         The letter should clearly indicate the product code or item number, the size and the quantities being ordered

·         The date when the Purchase Order Letter is being generated is very important because that identifies when the order was placed

·         If the order is being placed by a company then it usually should be in a Purchase Order format

·         The Purchase Order Letter should also indicate the date by when the order is expected to be executed or delivered

·         The mode of delivery of the material should also be identified in the letter

·         The letter should also carry the mode of payment by which the payment will be made

·         If any advance has already been paid against the order, it must be mentioned in the Purchase Order Letter

·         The address where the order has to be delivered should be very clearly mentioned in the letter along with any landmarks, if any, to locate the address

·         The Purchase Order Letter should give the details of the costing of the price including taxes, etc so that there is no confusion while making the payment

·         The name of the company or dealer with which the order is being placed should be clearly written on the letter to avoid any miscommunication of details

·         There is no scope for any grammatical or punctuation errors in the Purchase Order Letter

·         The contents of the letter must be carefully read through to ensure that the order details have been correctly mentioned

B.     Example

Robert S. Bunch

Purchasing Manager

Rodeo Enterprise

1941 Jail Drive
Cambridge, IL 61238

October 11, 2010

To:

Fred B. Guild

Store Manager

Fuller Productions Industry

680 Bee Street
Traverse City, MI 49686

Dear Mr. Guild

RE: Purchase Order for Products

On behalf of Rodeo Enterprise, I would like to place an order for the following products from your company. Please refer to the attachment for the order list.

The terms and conditions will be the same as per our previous orders; that is, cash on delivery. Please note the extra condition with this batch of order; that is, the products on the order list must be delivered within a month from the date of this order letter.

We are in an urgent rush for our annual year end production and we need these products within a month to meet our production target. If you miss our specified delivery target, there will be a penalty incurred on your pricing, as per our business collaboration contract which is effective until the end of 2013.

Thank you for your kind understanding and prompt service. Please feel free to contact me for further clarifications on this purchase order.

Yours Sincerely,

Robert S. Bunch

Purchasing Manager

 

References :

http://dwinitro.blogspot.co.id/2013/10/inquiry-letter.html

http://www2.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/jaleg.htm

http://mychocochips.blogspot.co.id/2012/11/definition-and-how-to-make-application.html

http://www.letters.org/order-letter/purchase-order-letter.html

http://www.ask.com/business-finance/meaning-application-letter-84d94ea80c2347eb

http://www.vertex42.com/WordTemplates/complaint-letter.html

http://www.ask.com/business-finance/parts-application-letter-7b6e7caff33ed1b9

http://thebusinesscommunication.com/what-is-inquiry-letter-types-of-inquiry-letter/

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-bahasa.html

https://targetstudy.com/letters/inquiry-letter/how-to-write-inquiry-letter.htm

https://targetstudy.com/letters/fund-inquiry-letter.html

http://www.businesscommunicationarticles.com/complaint-letter-definition/

http://www2.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/eiw/complaint_letter_constructor.htm

http://www.accountingtools.com/purchase-order-definition

Quit-Smoking Tips

Whether you’re a teen smoker or a lifetime pack-a-day smoker, quitting can be tough. But the more you learn about your options and prepare for quitting, the easier the process will be. With the right game plan tailored to your needs, you can break the addiction, manage your cravings, and join the millions of people who have kicked the habit for good.

Smoking tobacco is both a physical addiction and a psychological habit. The nicotine from cigarettes provides a temporary—and addictive—high. Eliminating that regular fix of nicotine will cause your body to experience physical withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Because of nicotine’s “feel good” effect on the brain, you may also have become accustomed to smoking as a way of coping with stress, depression, anxiety, or even boredom.

At the same time, the act of smoking is ingrained as a daily ritual. It may be an automatic response for you to smoke a cigarette with your morning coffee, while taking a break from work or school, or during your commute home at the end of a long day. Perhaps friends, family members, and colleagues smoke, and it has become part of the way you relate with them.

To successfully quit smoking, you’ll need to address both the addiction and the habits and routines that go along with it.

1. Find Your Reason

To get motivated, you need a powerful, personal reason to quit. It may be to protect your family from secondhand smoke.  Or lower your chance of getting lung cancer, heart disease, or other conditions. Or to look and feel younger. Choose a reason that is strong enough to outweigh the urge to light up.

2. Prepare Before You Go “Cold Turkey”

There’s more to it than just tossing your cigarettes out. Smoking is an addiction. The brain is hooked on nicotine. Without it, you’ll go through withdrawal. Line up support in advance. Ask your doctor about all the methods than will help, such as quit-smoking classes and apps, counseling, medication, and hypnosis. You’ll be ready for the day you choose to quit.   

3. Consider Nicotine-Replacement Therapy

When you stop smoking, nicotine withdrawal may give you headaches, affect your mood, or sap your energy.  The craving for “just one drag” is tough. Nicotine-replacement therapy can curb these urges. Studies show that nicotine gum, lozenges, and patches improve your chances of success when you’re also in a quit-smoking program.  

4. Learn About Prescription Pills

Medicines can curb cravings and may also make smoking less satisfying if you do pick up a cigarette. Other drugs can ease withdrawal symptoms, such as depression or problems with concentration.

5. Lean on Your Loved Ones

Tell your friends, family, and other people you’re close to that you’re trying to quit. They can encourage you to keep going, especially when you’re tempted to light up. You can also join a support group or talk to a counselor. “Behavioral therapy” is a type of counseling that helps you identify and stick to quit-smoking strategies. Even a few sessions may help.  

6. Give Yourself a Break

One reason people smoke is that the nicotine helps them relax. Once you quit, you’ll need new ways to unwind. There are many options. You can exercise to blow off steam, tune in to your favorite music, connect with friends, treat yourself to a massage, or make time for a hobby. Try to avoid stressful situations during the first few weeks after you stop smoking.

7. Avoid Alcohol and Other Triggers

When you drink, it’s harder to stick to your no-smoking goal. So try to limit alcohol when you first quit. Likewise, if you often smoke when you drink coffee, switch to tea for a few weeks. If you usually smoke after meals, find something else to do instead, like brushing your teeth, taking a walk, texting a friend, or chewing gum.

8. Clean House

Once you’ve smoked your last cigarette, toss all of your ashtrays and lighters. Wash any clothes that smell like smoke, and clean your carpets, draperies, and upholstery. Use air fresheners to get rid of that familiar scent. If you smoked in your car, clean it out, too. You don’t want to see or smell anything that reminds you of smoking.

9. Try and Try Again

Many people try several times before giving up cigarettes for good. If you light up, don’t get discouraged. Instead, think about what lead to your relapse, such as your emotions or the setting you were in. Use it as an opportunity to step up your commitment to quitting. Once you’ve made the decision to try again, set a “quit date” within the next month.

10. Get Moving

Being active can curb nicotine cravings and ease some withdrawal symptoms. When you want to reach for a cigarette, put on your inline skates or jogging shoes instead. Even mild exercise helps, such as walking your dog or pulling weeds in the garden. The calories you burn will also ward off weight gain as you quit smoking.

11. Eat Fruits and Veggies

Don’t try to diet while you give up cigarettes. Too much deprivation can easily backfire. Instead, keep things simple and try to eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. These are good for your whole body.

12. Choose Your Reward

In addition to all the health benefits, one of the perks of giving up cigarettes is all the money you will save. There are online calculators that figure out how much richer you will be. Reward yourself by spending part of it on something fun.

13. Remember That Time Is on Your Side

As soon as you quit, you start to get immediate health benefits. After only 20 minutes, your heart rate goes back to normal.  Within a day, your blood’s carbon monoxide level also falls back into place. In just 2-3 weeks, you will start to lower your odds of having a heart attack. In the long run, you will also lower your chance of getting lung cancer and other cancers.

Stopping smoking is not easy. Below are some tips which may help you to quit smoking. At the end of the leaflet there are details of further resources that may help.

Write a list of the reasons why you want to stop, and keep them with you. Refer to them when tempted to light up.
Set a date for stopping and stop completely. (Some people prefer the idea of cutting down gradually. However, research has shown that if you smoke fewer cigarettes than usual, you are likely to smoke more of each cigarette and nicotine levels remain nearly the same. Therefore, it is usually best to stop once and for all from a set date.)
Tell everyone that you are giving up smoking. Friends and family often give support and may help you. Smoking by others in the household makes giving up harder. If appropriate, try to get other household members who smoke, or friends who smoke, to stop smoking at the same time. A team effort may be easier than going it alone.

Get rid of ashtrays, lighters, and all cigarettes.
Be prepared for some withdrawal symptoms. When you stop smoking, you are likely to get symptoms which may include feeling sick (nausea), headaches, anxiety, irritability, craving, and just feeling awful. These symptoms are caused by the lack of nicotine that your body has been used to. They tend to peak after 12-24 hours and then gradually ease over 2-4 weeks.
Anticipate a cough. It is normal for a smoker's cough to become worse when you stop smoking (as the airways 'come back to life'). Many people say that this makes them feel worse for a while after stopping smoking and makes them tempted to restart smoking. Resist this temptation! The cough usually gradually eases.
Be aware of situations in which you are most likely to want to smoke. In particular, drinking alcohol is often associated with failing in an attempt to stop smoking. You should consider not drinking much alcohol in the first few weeks after stopping smoking. Try changing your routine for the first few weeks. For example, despite the UK ban on indoor smoking in pubs, outside the pub might still be a tempting place to drink alcohol and smoke. Also, if drinking tea and coffee are difficult times, try drinking mainly fruit juice and plenty of water instead.
Take one day at a time. Mark off each successful day on a calendar. Look at it when you feel tempted to smoke, and tell yourself that you don't want to start all over again.
Be positive. You can tell people that you don't smoke. You will smell better. After a few weeks you should feel better, taste your food more and cough less. You will have more money. Perhaps put away the money, which you would have spent on cigarettes, for treats.
Food. Some people worry about gaining weight when they give up smoking, as the appetite may improve. Anticipate an increase in appetite and try not to increase fatty or sugary foods as snacks. Try fruit and sugar-free gum instead.
Don't despair if you fail. Examine the reasons why you felt it was more difficult at that particular time. It will make you stronger next time. On average, people who eventually stop smoking have made three or four previous attempts.
Stop Smoking Clinics are available on the NHS. They have good success in helping people to stop smoking. Your doctor may refer you to one if you are keen to stop smoking but are finding it difficult to do so.
Various medicines can increase your chance of quitting. These include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) which comes as gums, sprays, patches, tablets, lozenges and inhalers. You can buy NRT without a prescription. Also, medicines called bupropion and varenicline can help. These are available on prescription. See separate leaflets called.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://www.webmd.com/smoking-cessation/ss/slideshow-13-best-quit-smoking-tips-ever
http://patient.info/health/tips-to-help-you-stop-smoking

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/addiction/how-to-quit-smoking.htm

HAK ASASI MANUSIA

Pelanggaran HAM Di Sekolah

Pengertian HAM

Hak asasi manusia adalah hak dasar yang dimiliki manusia sejak manusia itu dilahirkan. Hak asasi dapat dirumuskan sebagai hak yang melekat dengan kodrat kita sebagai manusia yang bila tidak ada hak tersebut, mustahil kita dapat hidup sebagai manusia. Hak ini dimiliki oleh manusia semata – mata karena ia manusia, bukan karena pemberian masyarakat atau pemberian negara. Maka hak asasi manusia itu tidak tergantung dari pengakuan manusia lain, masyarakat lain, atau Negara lain. Hak asasi diperoleh manusia dari Penciptanya, yaitu Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan merupakan hak yang tidak dapat diabaikan.

Sebagai manusia, ia makhluk Tuhan yang mempunyai martabat yang tinggi. Hak asasi manusia ada dan melekat pada setiap manusia. Oleh karena itu, bersifat universal, artinya berlaku di mana saja dan untuk siapa saja dan tidak dapat diambil oleh siapapun. Hak ini dibutuhkan manusia selain untuk melindungi diri dan martabat kemanusiaanya juga digunakan sebagai landasan moral dalam bergaul atau berhubungan dengan sesama manusia.

Pada setiap hak melekat kewajiban. Karena itu,selain ada hak asasi manusia, ada juga kewajiban asasi manusia, yaitu kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan demi terlaksana atau tegaknya hak asasi manusia (HAM). Dalam menggunakan Hak Asasi Manusia, kita wajib untuk memperhatikan, menghormati, dan menghargai hak asasi yang juga dimiliki oleh orang lain.

Kesadaran akan hak asasi manusia , harga diri , harkat dan martabat kemanusiaannya, diawali sejak manusia ada di muka bumi. Hal itu disebabkan oleh hak – hak kemanusiaan yang sudah ada sejak manusia itu dilahirkan dan merupakan hak kodrati yang melekat pada diri manusia. Sejarah mencatat berbagai peristiwa besar di dunia ini sebagai suatu usaha untuk menegakkan hak asasi manusia.

  

Dan Hak Asasi Manusia  bersumber pada pancasila. Yang artinya Hak Asasi Manusia mendapat jaminan kuat dari falsafah bangsa, yakni Pancasila. Bermuara pada Pancasila dimaksudkan bahwa pelaksanaan hak asasi manusia tersebut harus memperhatikan garis-garis yang telah ditentukan dalam ketentuan falsafah Pancasila. Bagi bangsa Indonesia, melaksanakan hak asasi manusia bukan berarti melaksanakan dengan sebebas-bebasnya, melainkan harus memperhatikan ketentuan-ketentuan yang terkandung dalam pandangan hidup bangsa Indonesia, yaitu Pancasila. Hal ini disebabkan pada dasarnya memang tidak ada hak yang dapat dilaksanakan secara multak tanpa memperhatikan hak orang lain.

Setiap hak akan dibatasi oleh hak orang lain. Jika dalam melaksanakan hak, kita tidak memperhatikan hak orang lain,maka yang terjadi adalah benturan hak atau kepentingan dalam hidup bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara

Negara Republik Indonesia mengakui dan menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan dasar manusia sebagai hak yang secara kodrati melekat dan tidak terpisah dari manusia yang harus dilindungi, dihormati, dan ditegakkan demi peningkatan martabat kemanusisan, kesejahteraan, kebahagiaan, dan kecerdasan serta keadilan.

Pelanggaran HAM ada dua kategori, yaitu :

a. Kasus pelanggaran HAM yang bersifat berat, diantaranya :
Pembunuhan masal (genisida), Pembunuhan sewenang-wenang, Penghilangan orang secara paksa,   Penyiksaan,  Perbudakan atau diskriminasi.

b. Kasus pelanggaran HAM yang biasa, diantarnya:
Pemukulan, Pencemaran nama baik, Penganiayaan, Menghalangi orang untuk mengekspresikan pendapatnya, Akan tetapi didalam admin ini mencoba memaparkan tentang Contoh Pelanggaran HAM di sekolah. Sekolah merupakan lingkungan kedua setelah lingkungan keluarga yang akan membentuk sikap, karakter perilaku dan kepribadian seorang anak, selain pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. lingkungan sekolah hampir sama dengan lingkungan keluarga karena didalam lingkungan keluarga ketika mengajarkan kepada anaknya paling tidak diberi sanksi agar tidak mengulangi kesalahnnya lagi, begitu juga dengan lingkungan sekolah. akan tetapi terkadang hukuman tersebut tidak disadari oleh anak didik yang termasuk penggaran HAM si anak.
akan tetapi pihak sekolah atau pendidik merasa kebingungan ketika harus memberi peringatan terhadap siswa yang tidak bisa ditolerir, dan sudah ketelaluan sehingga mengakibatkan seorang guru menghukum lebih dari yang dia kira.

Kasus pelanggaran HAM di sekolah antara lain :

1.                 Guru membeda-bedakan siswanya di sekolah (berdasarkan kepintaran,  kekayaan, atau perilakunya).

2.                 Guru memberikan sanksi atau hukuman kepada siswanya secara fisik (dijewer, dicubit, ditendang, disetrap di depan kelas atau dijemur di tengah lapangan).

3.                 Siswa mengejek atau menghina siswa yang lain.

4.                 Siswa memalak atau menganiaya siswa yang lain.

5.                 Siswa melakukan tawuran pelajar dengan teman sekolahnya ataupun dengan siswa dari sekolah yang lain.

Sebab/Akar Permasalahan

- Tidak adanya kesadaran diri dari pelaku-pelaku pelanggaran HAM

- Kurangnya pengawasan dan perhatian guru terhadap muridnya

- Tidak menghormati atau menghargai hak-hak orang lain

- Adanya rasa iri atau dendam kepada murid lain

Solusinya

- Memperketat pengawasan terhadap murid

- Memasang CCTV di sekolah

-Hukuman yang diberikan terhadap murid tidak boleh dari aturan

- Sekolah harus lebih sering mengadak acara sosialis

 

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://kasusham.blogspot.com/

http://pelajaran-sma123.blogspot.com/

http://contohsimpel.blogspot.com/

http://izelcool.blogspot.com